e.hormone | Endocrine System : Hormone Glands

Learning Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals The Hormones Androgens Corticoids Estrogens Progestins Thyroid Actions Docking: Receptor Binding Delivery: Transport Proteins Disposal: Metabolic Changes Dynamics: Interactions Wildlife Effects Human Effects Sources Phytoestrogens Gathering Evidence What Does ED Mean? Endocrine System Hormone Glands Target Cells Types of Hormones Feedback Loops Glossary Endocrine System : Hormone Glands Ovary (Follicle And Corpus Luteum) Testis Pancreas Adrenal Glands (Medulla And Cortex) Thymus Parathyroid Gland Thyroid Posterior Pituitary Gland Anterior Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus Pineal Gland References Ovary (Follicle) Hormone Released: Estrogens Hormone Structure: Steroid Hormone Function: Develop & maintain female sex organs & characteristics; Initiates building of uterine lining Hormone Regulator: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Ovary (Corpus Luteum) Hormone Released: Progesterone & Estrogens Hormone Structure: Steroid Hormone Function: Influences breast development and menstrual cycles; Promotes growth and differentiation of uterine lining; Maintains pregnancy Hormone Regulator: FSH & Luteinizing hormone back to top Testis Hormone Released: Androgens (mainly testosterone) Hormone Structure: Steroid Hormone Function: Develop & maintain male sex organs & characteristics; aid sperm production Hormone Regulator: FSH & LH Pancreas Hormone Released: Insulin Hormone Structure: Polypeptide Hormone Function: Lowers blood sugar; Increases glycogen storage in liver; Stimulates protein synthesis Hormone Regulator: Blood glucose concentrations Hormone Released: Glucagon Hormone Structure: Polypeptide Hormone Function: Stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver; Increases blood sugar (glucose) concentration Hormone Regulator: Blood glucose & amino acid concentrations Hormone Released: Somatostatin Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Suppresses release of insulin & glucagon Hormone Regulator: Nervous system, feedback from growth hormone back to top Adrenal Glands (Medulla And Cortex) Hormone Released: Epinephrine (adrenaline) Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Derivative (Catecholamine) Hormone Function: Constricts blood vessels in skin, kidneys and gut which increases blood supply to heart, brain and skeletal muscles and leads to increased heart rate & blood pressure; Stimulates smooth muscle contraction; Raises blood glucose levels which increases available energy Hormone Regulator: Sympathetic nervous system Hormone Released: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Derivative (Catecholamine) Hormone Function: Constricts blood vessels throughout the body; Increases heart rate & contraction of cardiac muscles; Increases metabolic rate Hormone Regulator: Sympathetic nervous system Hormone Released: Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol & corticosterone) Hormone Structure: Steroids Hormone Function: Regulates blood glucose concentrations by affecting many aspects of carbohydrate metabolism; Affects growth; Decreases effects of stress and anti-inflammatories Hormone Regulator: Corticotopin- releasing hormone (CRH) from hypthalamus; Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Hormone Released: Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone) Hormone Structure: Steroid Hormone Function: Regulates sodium, water & potassium excretion by the kidney Hormone Regulator: Renin & Angiotensin Hormone Released: Gonadocorticoids (mainly androgens (male sex hormones)) Hormone Structure: Steroid Hormone Function: Contribute to secondary sex characteristics (particularly after menopause in women) Hormone Regulator: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) back to top Thymus Hormone Released: Several Thymosin & Thymopoietin hormones; Thymic humoral factor; Thymostimulin; Factor thymic serum Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Stimulates T cell development in thymus & maintainence in other lymph tissue; Involved in some B cells developing into antibody-producing plasma cells Hormone Regulator: Not known Parathyroid Gland Hormone Released: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Increases blood calcium concentrations by stimulating calcium release from bone, promoting calcium uptake from intestinal tract and decreasing calcium excretion by the kidney; Decreases blood phosphate level Hormone Regulator: Calcium concentrations in blood Thyroid Hormone Released: Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Hormone Function: Develop & maintain female sex organs & characteristics; Initiates building of uterine lining Hormone Regulator: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the brain Hormone Released: Calcitonin Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Inhibits calcium release from bone thus lowering blood calcium levels Hormone Regulator: Blood calcium concentrations back to top Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormone Released: Antidiuretic hormone Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Increases water absorption from kidney; Raises blood pressure Hormone Regulator: Blood osmolarity Hormone Released: Oxytocin Hormone Structure: Peptide Hormone Function: Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus & release of breast milk after childbirth Hormone Regulator: Nervous system Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormone Released: Growth hormone Hormone Structure: Protein Hormone Function: Stimulates bone & muscle growth; Promotes protein synthesis & fat mobilization Hormone Regulator: Hypothalamic hormones Hormone Released: Prolactin Hormone Structure: Protein Hormone Function: Promotes production & secretion of milk in humans after childbirth Hormone Regulator: Hypothalamic hormones Hormone Released: Thryoid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Hormone Structure: Glycoprotein Hormone Function: Stimulates production & secretion of thyroid hormones Hormone Regulator: Blood thyroxine levels; Hypothalamic hormones Hormone Released: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Hormone Structure: Polypeptide Hormone Function: Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol & other steroids Hormone Regulator: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the Hypothalamus; Blood cortisol levels back to top Hypothalamus Hormone Released: Releasing & inhibiting hormones Hormone Structure: Peptides Hormone Function: Responds to signals from the nervous system &/or blood concentrations of circulating hormones by releasing hormones that act on the pituitary gland Hormone Regulator: Blood & local levels of specific substances Pineal Gland Hormone Released: Melatonin Hormone Structure: Amino Acid Derivative (Catecholamine) Hormone Function: Involved in circadian rhythms: Antigonadotropic effect. Exposure to light decreases release, darkness increases release Hormone Regulator: Exposure to light/dark cycles References Campbell, N.A. 1990. Biology. Second Edition. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. back to top copyright © 2014 Tulane University